M1.
(a)     1 mark for each adaptation and 1 mark
for its correct linked advantage

long
/ thick hair / fur (1)

for insulation (1)

allow keeps warm

small ears (1)

for reduced heat loss (1)

small feet (1)

for reduced heat loss (1)

ignore wide feet

ignore prevent sinking

white
fur / coat (1)

for camouflage / poor emitter (1)

small
SA/V ratio (1)

reduces heat loss (1)

thick
layer of fat (1)

insulates / keeps warm (1)

max 4

(b)     1 mark for each adaptation
and 1 mark for its correct linked advantage

horns
(1)

for defence (1)

long
legs (1)

for speed / escape / vision (1)

light
colour (1)

for camouflage (1)

allow pattern

eyes
on side of head (1)

for wider field of vision (1)

hooves
(1)

for speed / escape (1)

large
ears (1)

to hear predators better (1)

max 4

[8]

M2.
(a)     leaves less likely to be
eaten / mown

1

(b)     plant
less likely to be pulled out by grazers

1

(c)     better
competitor for light / grows higher than other plants to gain light

1

(d)     better
competitor for water / collect water from a larger area

1

[4]

M3.
(a)     sulfur
dioxide

1

(b)
degelia

extra boxes ticked cancels the mark

1

(c)     (i)
towards the east

extra boxes ticked cancels the mark

1

(ii)
tick in bottom row

extra boxes ticked cancels the mark

1

[4]

M4.
(a)     streamlined / aerodynamic
/ swept-back / arrow-shaped / dart-shaped

wings / tail

allow pointed / curved wings

ignore pointed tail / beak

OR

large / long wings

ignore large tail

1

(b)     no /
fewer insects / food (in winter)

allow too cold

ignore not adapted to cold

ignore day length

1

(c)     (i)
any two from

feed
/ hunt at different heights or swifts feed higher up

feed
/ hunt at different times or swifts feed at night

arrive
/ depart at different times

2

(ii)     nesting
sites / territory / habitat

allow homes / space

ignore food unqualified

allow well qualified food answers

eg insects / food near the ground

or

insects / food when it€™s light

or

insects / food between early May and
early August

1

[5]

M5.
(a)     (i)
any two from:

list principle

light

ignore oxygen / food / sun

water

space

nutrients
/ ions / minerals / named

carbon
dioxide / CO2

2

(ii)     less
competition for water

ignore space / light / food

or

more water / nutrients / minerals available

1

(b)     camouflage
/ same shape as leaf / looks like a leaf

allow €˜blends in€™

ignore colour

1

[4]

ï»¿

M6.
(a)     any two from:

control variables from information
given

area
of bed sampled

sampling
time

size
of net

kicking
action

net
position

2

(b)     any two
from:

must be ideas related to a
sample

some
animals not dislodged

ignore reliability etc

some
animals missed / through / escaped net

invertebrates
difficult to identify

invertebrates
from outside area

2

(c)     10 to 99 or 10 €“ 99 or 99 to 10 or 99 €“ 10

1

(d)     any two
from:

increased
/ goes up

allow increase implied from all data
described

0 at sample 4

to
(more than) 100

2

(e)     mayfly

1

because not found downstream of point where sewage enters
stream

or only in the unpolluted water

1

[9]